Below I have mentioned basic components of Linux:
Kernel: A kernel is the core component of the Operating System that manages operations and hardware.
Shell: Shell is a Linux interpreter that is used to execute commands.
GUI: GUI stands for Graphical User Interface which is another way for a user to interact with the system. But unlike CLI, GUI consists of Images, Buttons, TextBoxes for interaction.
System Utilities: These are the software functions that allow the user to manage the computer.
Application Programs: Software programs or set of functions designed to accomplish a specific task.