Error 'incompatible character encodings: ASCII-8BIT and UTF-8' due to 8-bit encoding of cookies (Rails 3 and Ruby 1.9)

Question

I moved a web app that was using 1.8.7 to 1.9.2 and now I keep getting incompatible character encodings: ASCII-8BIT and UTF-8 I have the database encoding to UTF-8 and I have also 'config.encoding = "utf-8"'. I saw some ideas as possible workarounds and I added Encoding.default_external = Encoding::UTF_8 Encoding.default_internal = Encoding::UTF_8 But it didn't work either. One specific chunk of code where I am getting this error is %ul.address - @user.address.split(',').each do |line| %li= line.titleize I'm using HAML, I checked line.titleize, and the encoding is UTF-8. Seems that the template is being rendered with ASCII-8BIT and it gets screwed each time that I try to render characteres like 'ñ' I'm working with Rails 3.0.5. I have read the post by James Edward Gray, but I still can figure it out what is going on ;(. I'd really appreciate any kind of help :D. I also tried: "string".force_encoding("UTF-8") And # encoding: utf-8 Without any luck. Fixed See comments. JavaScript questions and answers, JavaScript questions pdf, JavaScript question bank, JavaScript questions and answers pdf, mcq on JavaScript pdf, JavaScript questions and solutions, JavaScript mcq Test , Interview JavaScript questions, JavaScript Questions for Interview, JavaScript MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

Answer 1

I just ran into something similar ... and found the fix hidden in the comments to this question, but think it is worth highlighting explicitly: cookies are ASCII-8BIT but rails 3 templates are utf-8 by default. This means using a raw cookie value in a view may raise Encoding::CompatibilityError (if the user has an incompatible in the cookie value) The fix (as noted by Adolfo Builes) is to coerce your cookie values to UTF-8, as in: cookies["location"].force_encoding('UTF-8')